![]() Device-level encryption, a somewhat vague term that includes encryption-capable tape drives, can be used to offload the encryption tasks from the CPU. Database encryption acts on the data to be stored, accepting unencrypted information and writing that information to persistent storage only after it has encrypted the data. Directories are referred to as encrypted when the files within the directory are encrypted. File systems, also composed of one or more partitions, can be encrypted using filesystem-level encryption. Volumes, created by combining two or more partitions, can be encrypted using volume encryption. As disks can be partitioned into multiple partitions, partition encryption can be used to encrypt individual disk partitions. With full disk encryption, the entire disk is encrypted (except for the bits necessary to boot or access the disk when not using an unencrypted boot/preboot partition). For example, encryption can be configured at the disk layer, on a subset of a disk called a partition, on a volume, which is a combination of disks or partitions, at the layer of a file system, or within user space applications such as database or other applications that run on the host operating system. Data at rest is generally encrypted by a symmetric key.Įncryption may be applied at different layers in the storage stack. There are several methods for encrypting data in transit, such as IPsec, SCP, SFTP, SSH, OpenPGP and HTTPS.ĭata at rest refers to data that has been saved to persistent storage. A symmetric key is preferred to over the private and public keys as a symmetric cipher is much more efficient (uses less CPU cycles) than an asymmetric cipher. Once PKI has established a secure connection, a symmetric key can be shared between endpoints. As establishing a relationship and securely sharing an encryption key to secure the information that will be exchanged, a set of roles, policies, and procedures to accomplish this has been developed it is known as the public key infrastructure, or PKI. Often, the data in transit is between two entities that do not know each other - such as in the case of visiting a website. The payload (confidential information) can be encrypted to secure its confidentiality, as well as its integrity and validity. When the data is between two endpoints, any confidential information may be vulnerable. There is also a well-known case where PKI is used for data in transit of data at rest.ĭata in transit is data that is being sent over a computer network. ![]() For example, AES processes 16-byte blocks, while its predecessor DES encrypted blocks of eight bytes. Block cipher algorithms split the plaintext into fixed-size blocks and encrypt one block at a time. The key is used to establish the initial state of a keystream generator, and the output of that generator is used to encrypt the plaintext. Stream ciphers typically encrypt plaintext a bit or byte at a time, and are most commonly used to encrypt real-time communications, such as audio and video information. Symmetric key ciphers can be further divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Data in transit generally uses public key ciphers, and data at rest generally uses symmetric key ciphers. Using this approach, software encryption may be classified into software which encrypts " data in transit" and software which encrypts " data at rest". Encryption software can be based on either public key or symmetric key encryption.Īnother way to classify software encryption is to categorize its purpose. Ciphers can be divided into two categories: public key ciphers (also known as asymmetric ciphers), and symmetric key ciphers. One way to classify this type of software is the type of cipher used. Software encryption uses a cipher to obscure the content into ciphertext. There are many software products which provide encryption. Cryptography is used to protect digital information on computers as well as the digital information that is sent to other computers over the Internet. Encryption software is software that uses cryptography to prevent unauthorized access to digital information.
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